Athletes may present with arterial problems that are unusual in the typical patient with peripheral vascular disease. They are often handicapped only at the extremes of physical exertion and may have normal arterial pulses beyond any arterial occlusion.

A Medline search was undertaken for articles on arterial disease in athletes. Further papers were identified by cross-referencing from the reference lists.

A variety of syndromes has been described that result from unusual trauma to arteries, causing occlusion or rupture. Frequently the blood flow and pressures distal to the arterial disease are normal at rest, and diagnosis is often confused with venous, musculoskeletal or nerve disease. A variety of operative interventions has been described.

Athletes may experience arterial problems that may jeopardize their careers. If recognized promptly, operative intervention may permit a return to the highest level of sporting achievement.